Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Definition of cataphora
1.2 A preliminary survey of literature
1.3 Objective and methodology
1.4 Organization of the thesis
Chapter 2 Sentential Cataphora and Its Function： Review and Critique
2.1 Cataphora in English
2.1.1 Van Hoek and the “P+N” pattern
2.1.2 Sentential cataphora and its function
2.2 Cataphora in Chinese
2.2.1 Van Hoek (1997)'s influence
2.2.2 Cataphora and TC：Li (2004)
2.2.2.1 Zero cataphora and “chaininitial cataphoric links”
2.2.2.2 TC and／or sentence：Li's “sentenceinitial anaphoric links”
2.2.2.3 Function of cataphora：Li (2004)'s interpretation
2.3 Summary
Chapter 3 Interpreting Cataphora：Accessibility, Iconicity, and Markedness
3.1 Topic continuity and NP accessibility
3.1.1 Topic continuity
3.1.2 Topic activation and NP accessibility (P-N)
3.2 Action continuity
3.2.1 Action continuity in -ing
3.2.2 Preposed vs. Postposed-ing (V-ing vs. v-ing)
3.2.2.1 On V-ing
3.2.2.2 On v-ing
3.2.2.3 V-ing vs. v-ing
3.2.3 Arguing against syntactic backgrounding
3.2.3.1 Confusion over “grounding”
3.2.3.2 -ing as “subordination”
3.2.3.3-ing as ADV
3.2.3.4 Categorizing V-ing
3.3 Anteriority and relative grounding
3.3.1 Time in narration：tense and aspect
3.3.2 Grammatical vs. inherent aspect
3.3.3 Perfective past (-ed)
3.3.4 The perfect
3.3.5 The imperfective (progressive／ongoing)
3.3.6 Verb aspect：events vs. states
3.3.7 Inherent aspect and grounding
3.3.8 Passivity
3.4 Summary
Chapter 4 Cataphora in Chinese：Iconicity, Economy and Relative Grounding
4.1 Zeroprominence vs. P-prominence ( vs. P)
4.1.1 Pronunciation
4.1.2 Ellipsis
4.1.3 Linearity／Iconicity
4.2 Iconicity in Chinese
4.2.1 Perfectivity and hierarchy of aspect
4.2.1.1 Inherent perfectivity (V-R ／ VV)
4.2.1.2 Compulsory aspect
4.2.2 “Where not to use-了1”
4.2.3 Case analysis
4.2.3.1 The case of 看1
4.2.3.2 The case of 到1
4.2.3.3 Coherence bridge
4.3 Summary
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