1.3 BASIC PROPERTIES OF CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS
1.3.1 Crystal Structures
1.3.2 Phase Diagram
1.3.3 d-Wave Symmetry
1.3.4 Energy Gap
1.3.5 Anomalies of Cuprate Superconductors
1.4 MECHANISMS AND THEORIES OF HIGH Tc SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
1.4.1 Strong Correlation in Cuprate Superconductors
1.4.2 Resonating Valence Bond Theory
1.4.3 Theory Based on the Stripe Phases
Chapter 2 Quantum Hall Effect
2.1 THE HALL EFFECT
2.2 INTEGER QUANTUM HALL EFFECT
2.2.1 Two-dimensional Electron Gas
2.2.2 Quantum Hall Effect
2.2.3 Filling of Landau Levels
2.2.4 Localized States and Extended States
2.3 FRACTIONAL QUANTUM HALL EFFECT
2.3.1 Experimental Observations
2.3.2 Laughlin Wave Function and Flux Quanta
2.3.3 Composite Particles
2.3.4 State with ν=1/2 and Composite Fermion Theory
2.3.5 State with Filling Factor of 5/2
Chapter 3 Glant and Colossal Magnetoresistance
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE
3.2.1 GMR Structures and Phenomena
3.2.2 Main Mechanism for GMR
3.2.3 Preliminary Theories for GMR
3.3 COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE
3.3.1 Experimental CMR and Manganites
3.3.2 Double Exchange Model for CMR
3.3.3 Other Mechanisms Beyond Double Exchange Model
Chapter 4 Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 FULLERENES
4.2.1 History
4.2.2 Structure of C60 and the Bond Formation
4.2.3 Family of Hollow Spherical All Carbon Molecules
4.2.4 Chemical Modification
4.2.5 Doped Crystals of C60 and Their Superconductivity
4.2.6 Electronic States
Chapter 5Laser Cooling and BoseEinstein Condensation
5.1 LASER COOLING AND TRAPPING OF ATOMS
5.1. 1Deceleration of Atoms by Laser Beam
5.1.2 Doppler Cooling and Optical Molasses
5.1.3 Sisyphus Cooling and Subrecoil Cooling
5.1.4 Trapping of Atoms
5.2 BOSEEINSTEIN CONDENSATION
5.2.1 Concept of BoseEinstein Condensation
5.2.2 Physical Conditions for Achieving BoseEinstein Condensation
5.2.3 Experimental Demonstration of BoseEinsteinCondensation
5.3 ATOM LASER
5.3.1 What is Atom Laser
5.3.2 Experimental Methods
5.3.3 Continuousbeam Atom Laser
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